First molecular assessment on Cosmocerca spp. from Brazilian anurans and description of a new species of Cosmocerca (Ascaridomorpha: Cosmocercoidea) from the white-spotted humming frog Chiasmocleis albopunctata (Boettger, 1885) (Anura: Microhylidae).

Cosmocerca spp. are common nematode parasites of amphibians. We provide herein molecular data for two species of Cosmocerca and describe a new species, Cosmocerca albopunctata n. sp., using light microscopy and molecular data (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 - COI mtDNA). Cosmocerca albopunctata n. sp. can be easily distinguished from other congeneric species by the combination of characteristics such as body size, length of spicules and gubernaculum, and the arrangements and number of caudal papillae (7 + 1:1 + 1:6). The phylogenetic results based on the partial COI mtDNA sequences clustered the new species in a monophyletic clade along with the other sequences of Cosmocerca spp. Therefore, our results contribute to the knowledge about the species diversity and genetic data for Cosmocerca spp. in the Neotropical region.

Myxobolus spp. (Cnidaria: Myxobolidae) in the circulating blood of fishes from Goiás and Mato Grosso States, Brazil: case report / Myxobolus spp. (Cnidaria: Myxobolidae) no sangue circulante de peixes dos estados de Goiás e Mato Grosso, Brasil: relato de caso

Myxosporidiosis is an infectious disease caused by myxozoans of the Phylum Cnidaria, Class Myxosporea, and Order Bivalvulida, considered a common parasite in fresh and saltwater fishes that parasitize many organs, especially gills. In the present study, 49 specimens of fishes belonging to eight genera: Tetragonopterus, Leporinus, Myleus, Pirinampus, Rhapiodon, Pygocentrus, Ageneiosus, and Serrasalmus were collected and blood smears were made, fixed with absolute methanol, and stained with Giemsa 10% to survey hemoparasites. However, myxospores were found in the circulating blood of five (10.20%) fishes belonging to genus Tetragonopterus, Myleus, and Pygocentrus. Two morphological types of Myxobolus spp. were identified in all the five fish specimens analyzed. Usually, investigations on myxozoans in fish are carried out with the search for plasmodia or cysts in the fish organs and observation of the cavity of organs. Nevertheless, this study highlights the importance of also examining the blood of these animals, since these parasites can cause severe pathogenic diseases in fish. Thus, the blood analyses can proportionate preventive sanitary control for commercial fish avoiding economic loss.

A mixosporidiose é considerada uma doença infecciosa causada por mixozoários pertentences ao Filo Cnidaria, Classe Myxosporea e Ordem Bivalvulida, considerados parasitos comuns de peixes de água doce e salgada, parasitando vários órgãos, principalmente as brânquias. No presente estudo, 49 espécimes de peixes pertencentes a oito gêneros: Tetragonopterus, Leporinus, Myleus, Pirinampus, Rhapiodon, Pygocentrus, Ageneiosus and Serrasalmus foram coletados e extensões sanguíneas foram feitas com a finalidade de encontrar hemoparasitos. Entretanto, mixoesporos foram observados em cinco (10.20%) espécimes de peixes, pertencentes aos gêneros Tetragonopterus, Myleus e Pygocentrus. Dois morfotipos de Myxobolus spp. foram identificados parasitando esses peixes. Normalmente, as investigações sobre mixozoários em peixes é realizada com a procura de plasmódios ou cistos nos órgãos dos peixes e observação da cavidade de órgãos. Porém, esse trabalho ressalta a importância de se examinar também o sangue desses animais, já que esses parasitos podem ocasionar patogenias severas em peixes. Sendo assim, a análise sanguínea pode proporcionar controle sanatório preventivo para peixes comerciais e evitar perdas econômicas.

Myxobolus spp. (Cnidaria: Myxobolidae) in the circulating blood of fishes from Goiás and Mato Grosso States, Brazil: case report / Myxobolus spp. (Cnidaria: Myxobolidae) no sangue circulante de peixes dos estados de Goiás e Mato Grosso, Brasil: relato de caso

Myxosporidiosis is an infectious disease caused by myxozoans of the Phylum Cnidaria, Class Myxosporea, and Order Bivalvulida, considered a common parasite in fresh and saltwater fishes that parasitize many organs, especially gills. In the present study, 49 specimens of fishes belonging to eight genera: Tetragonopterus, Leporinus, Myleus, Pirinampus, Rhapiodon, Pygocentrus, Ageneiosus, and Serrasalmus were collected and blood smears were made, fixed with absolute methanol, and stained with Giemsa 10% to survey hemoparasites. However, myxospores were found in the circulating blood of five (10.20%) fishes belonging to genus Tetragonopterus, Myleus, and Pygocentrus. Two morphological types of Myxobolus spp. were identified in all the five fish specimens analyzed. Usually, investigations on myxozoans in fish are carried out with the search for plasmodia or cysts in the fish organs and observation of the cavity of organs. Nevertheless, this study highlights the importance of also examining the blood of these animals, since these parasites can cause severe pathogenic diseases in fish. Thus, the blood analyses can proportionate preventive sanitary control for commercial fish avoiding economic loss.

A mixosporidiose é considerada uma doença infecciosa causada por mixozoários pertentences ao Filo Cnidaria, Classe Myxosporea e Ordem Bivalvulida, considerados parasitos comuns de peixes de água doce e salgada, parasitando vários órgãos, principalmente as brânquias. No presente estudo, 49 espécimes de peixes pertencentes a oito gêneros: Tetragonopterus, Leporinus, Myleus, Pirinampus, Rhapiodon, Pygocentrus, Ageneiosus and Serrasalmus foram coletados e extensões sanguíneas foram feitas com a finalidade de encontrar hemoparasitos. Entretanto, mixoesporos foram observados em cinco (10.20%) espécimes de peixes, pertencentes aos gêneros Tetragonopterus, Myleus e Pygocentrus. Dois morfotipos de Myxobolus spp. foram identificados parasitando esses peixes. Normalmente, as investigações sobre mixozoários em peixes é realizada com a procura de plasmódios ou cistos nos órgãos dos peixes e observação da cavidade de órgãos. Porém, esse trabalho ressalta a importância de se examinar também o sangue desses animais, já que esses parasitos podem ocasionar patogenias severas em peixes. Sendo assim, a análise sanguínea pode proporcionar controle sanatório preventivo para peixes comerciais e evitar perdas econômicas.

Myxobolus spp. (Cnidaria: Myxobolidae) in the circulating blood of fishes from Goiás and Mato Grosso States, Brazil: case report

Abstract Myxosporidiosis is an infectious disease caused by myxozoans of the Phylum Cnidaria, Class Myxosporea, and Order Bivalvulida, considered a common parasite in fresh and saltwater fishes that parasitize many organs, especially gills. In the present study, 49 specimens of fishes belonging to eight genera: Tetragonopterus, Leporinus, Myleus, Pirinampus, Rhapiodon, Pygocentrus, Ageneiosus, and Serrasalmus were collected and blood smears were made, fixed with absolute methanol, and stained with Giemsa 10% to survey hemoparasites. However, myxospores were found in the circulating blood of five (10.20%) fishes belonging to genus Tetragonopterus, Myleus, and Pygocentrus. Two morphological types of Myxobolus spp. were identified in all the five fish specimens analyzed. Usually, investigations on myxozoans in fish are carried out with the search for plasmodia or cysts in the fish organs and observation of the cavity of organs. Nevertheless, this study highlights the importance of also examining the blood of these animals, since these parasites can cause severe pathogenic diseases in fish. Thus, the blood analyses can proportionate preventive sanitary control for commercial fish avoiding economic loss.

Resumo A mixosporidiose é considerada uma doença infecciosa causada por mixozoários pertentences ao Filo Cnidaria, Classe Myxosporea e Ordem Bivalvulida, considerados parasitos comuns de peixes de água doce e salgada, parasitando vários órgãos, principalmente as brânquias. No presente estudo, 49 espécimes de peixes pertencentes a oito gêneros: Tetragonopterus, Leporinus, Myleus, Pirinampus, Rhapiodon, Pygocentrus, Ageneiosus and Serrasalmus foram coletados e extensões sanguíneas foram feitas com a finalidade de encontrar hemoparasitos. Entretanto, mixoesporos foram observados em cinco (10.20%) espécimes de peixes, pertencentes aos gêneros Tetragonopterus, Myleus e Pygocentrus. Dois morfotipos de Myxobolus spp. foram identificados parasitando esses peixes. Normalmente, as investigações sobre mixozoários em peixes é realizada com a procura de plasmódios ou cistos nos órgãos dos peixes e observação da cavidade de órgãos. Porém, esse trabalho ressalta a importância de se examinar também o sangue desses animais, já que esses parasitos podem ocasionar patogenias severas em peixes. Sendo assim, a análise sanguínea pode proporcionar controle sanatório preventivo para peixes comerciais e evitar perdas econômicas.

Myxobolus spp. (Cnidaria: Myxobolidae) in the circulating blood of fishes from Goiás and Mato Grosso States, Brazil: case report.

Myxosporidiosis is an infectious disease caused by myxozoans of the Phylum Cnidaria, Class Myxosporea, and Order Bivalvulida, considered a common parasite in fresh and saltwater fishes that parasitize many organs, especially gills. In the present study, 49 specimens of fishes belonging to eight genera: Tetragonopterus, Leporinus, Myleus, Pirinampus, Rhapiodon, Pygocentrus, Ageneiosus, and Serrasalmus were collected and blood smears were made, fixed with absolute methanol, and stained with Giemsa 10% to survey hemoparasites. However, myxospores were found in the circulating blood of five (10.20%) fishes belonging to genus Tetragonopterus, Myleus, and Pygocentrus. Two morphological types of Myxobolus spp. were identified in all the five fish specimens analyzed. Usually, investigations on myxozoans in fish are carried out with the search for plasmodia or cysts in the fish organs and observation of the cavity of organs. Nevertheless, this study highlights the importance of also examining the blood of these animals, since these parasites can cause severe pathogenic diseases in fish. Thus, the blood analyses can proportionate preventive sanitary control for commercial fish avoiding economic loss.

Anatomic-radiographic aspects and gastrointestinal transit time in Boa constrictor amarali Stull, 1932 (Squamata, Boidae) / [Aspectos anátomo-radiográficos e tempo de trânsito gastrointestinal em jiboia-cinzenta Boa constrictor amarali Stull, 1932 (Squamata, Boidae)]

The goal of this study was to describe the gastrointestinal transit technique in the Boa constrictor amarali. For that purpose, we obtained simple radiographic images of seven serpents, subsequently administering a 25mL/kg dose of barium sulfate and establishing a radiographic sequence at the following times: 5 minutes; 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours, extending to 120 and 126 hours for one animal. The mean esophageal transit was 26.71±19.48 hours; the mean gastric filling time was 28.57±27.22 minutes and the emptying time was 60±12 hours; the mean filling time of the contrast medium in the small intestine was 3±2.16 hours and the emptying time was 97±15.65 hours. We also obtained the mean filling time of the large intestine, which was 40±11.31 hours. We found that the mean passage time of the contrast medium through the cranial gastrointestinal tract - until the complete elimination of barium sulfate from the small intestine -was 97±15.65 hours. In addition to determining the gastrointestinal transit time, the technique used allowed for the morphological identification of the alimentary canal.(AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever a técnica de trânsito gastrointestinal em Boa constrictor amarali. Para tanto, foram obtidas radiografias simples de sete serpentes, e, subsequentemente a essas, foi administrado sulfato de bário na dose de 25mL/kg. A partir disso, foi estabelecida a sequência radiográfica nos seguintes tempos: cinco minutos; uma, duas, três, seis, nove, 24, 48, 72 e 96 horas, e em um animal estendeu-se para 120 e 126 horas. O trânsito esofágico médio foi de 26,71±19,48 horas, o tempo médio de preenchimento gástrico foi de 28,57±27,22 minutos, e o esvaziamento de 60±12 horas; a média de tempo de enchimento do meio de contraste no intestino delgado foi de 3±2,16 horas e, por fim, o esvaziamento foi de 97±15,65 horas, e ainda obteve-se o tempo médio de enchimento do intestino grosso igual a 40±11,31 horas. Desse modo, verificou-se que a média do tempo de passagem do contraste pelo trato gastrointestinal cranial - até a completa eliminação do sulfato de bário do intestino delgado - foi de 97±15,65 horas. Além da determinação do tempo de trânsito gastrointestinal, a técnica empregada permitiu a identificação morfológica do canal alimentar.(AU)

Caracterização da fauna helmintológica de tamanduá-bandeira (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) e tamanduá-mirim (Tamandua tetradactyla) atropelados nas rodovias BR-050 e BR-455 (Minas Gerais, Brasil) / [Helmintological characterization of giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) and lesser anteater (Tamandua tetradactyla) roadkilled on BR-050 and BR-455 highways (Minas Gerais, Brazil)]

O tamanduá-bandeira (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) e o tamanduá-mirim (Tamandua tetradactyla) são mamíferos xenartros amplamente distribuídos no território nacional. Apesar disso, suas populações estão em constante ameaça, principalmente o primeiro, categorizado como vulnerável de acordo com classificação da União Internacional para Conservação da Natureza. Diante disso e da escassez de estudos com endoparasitas nesses animais, objetivou-se descrever a helmintofauna dessas duas espécies de tamanduá, utilizando espécimes atropelados nas rodovias BR-050 e BR-455, região do Triângulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Os animais foram submetidos à necropsia, tendo seus órgãos e conteúdo intestinal e estomacal examinados para recuperação de helmintos. Os parasitos coletados foram identificados com base em suas características morfológicas e morfométricas. As espécies/os gêneros caracterizados para M. tridactyla e T. tetradactyla, suas respectivas prevalências, bem como órgãos de origem, foram: Gaphidiops dissimilis (33,33% e 0%) no estômago; Gigantorhynchus echinodiscus (25% e 66,66%) no intestino delgado; Physaloptera magnipapilla (50% e 66,6%) no estômago; e Mathevotaenia spp. (25% e 66,66%) no intestino delgado. Physaloptera magnipapilla foi a espécie com os maiores índices de infecção, e novo registro de localização foi registrado para o nematódeo Graphidiops dissimilis. Detectou-se uma provável sobreposição da área de vida dos tamanduás estudados, bem como uma helmintofauna característica da região.(AU)

Myrmecophaga tridactyla, giant anteater and Tamandua tetradactyla, collared anteater are nationally widespread mammals. Despite that, their populations are in danger, especially the first one, categorized as vulnerable according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature. This study reports the occurrence of helminths in these two anteater species using road killed specimens from BR-050 and BR-455 highways, Triângulo Mineiro region, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The species were necropsied, and their gastrointestinal organs and contents were opened and examined for parasite recovery. The identification was based on morphological and morphometric features. The species/ genera found for M. tridactyla and T. tetradactyla, their prevalence, as well the organs, were: Gaphidiops dissimilis (33.33% and 0%) in stomach; Gigantorhynchus echinodiscus (25% and 66.66%) in small intestine; Physaloptera magnipapilla (50% and 66.6%) in stomach and Mathevotaenia spp. (25% and 66.66%) in small intestine. Physaloptera magnipapilla was the most common species and a new location was reported for Graphidiops dissimilis. There is a probable overlap in the home range of these animals and a local helminth diversity was described on the study site.(AU)

Microscopic agglutination test on captive rattlesnakes : Data on serovars and titers.

The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) is considered the "golden standard" leptospirosis serodiagnostic test, but there is little information about it as it pertains to snakes. To fill this information gap, we provide data on serovars and titers of fifty-six Crotalus durissus collilineatus sera samples that tested positive by MAT (10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.02.006 (Rodrigues et al., 2016) [5]). These data are presented in a table, along with a description of the methodology used for sample collection and serologic testing.

Anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies in Crotalus durissus collilineatus kept in captivity and its zoonotic relevance.

Leptospirosis is a worldwide spread zoonosis that can affect all groups of vertebrates, including reptiles. Because it has been little studied in snakes, this study focused on determining the occurrence of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies in 64 Crotalus durissus collilineatus kept in captivity and on identifying the most common serovars in these animals, using the microscopic agglutination test. Of these, almost 90% were positive and there were reactions to the 22 serovars used in the study. The most common serovar in these snakes was Javanica, Andamana and Patoc. Most frequent titers were 25 and 50, although high titers (such as 1600) were also recorded, despite the absence of clinical symptoms. The possibility should be considered of captive snakes serving as a serious source of leptospiral infection in humans, which is why it is essential to study, prevent and control the disease in breeding centers and serpentariums.

Genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from Brazilian wildlife revealed abundant new genotypes.

This study aimed to isolate and genotype T. gondii from Brazilian wildlife. For this purpose, 226 samples were submitted to mice bioassay and screened by PCR based on 18S rRNA sequences. A total of 15 T. gondii isolates were obtained, including samples from four armadillos (three Dasypus novemcinctus, one Euphractus sexcinctus), three collared anteaters (Tamandua tetradactyla), three whited-lipped peccaries (Tayassu pecari), one spotted paca (Cuniculus paca), one oncilla (Leopardus tigrinus), one hoary fox (Pseudalopex vetulus), one lineated woodpecker (Dryocopus lineatus) and one maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus). DNA from the isolates, originated from mice bioassay, and from the tissues of the wild animal, designated as "primary samples", were genotyped by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR/RFLP), using 12 genetic markers (SAG1, SAG2, alt.SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L258, PK1, CS3 and Apico). A total of 17 genotypes were identified, with 13 identified for the first time and four already reported in published literature. Results herein obtained corroborate previous studies in Brazil, confirming high diversity and revealing unique genotypes in this region. Given most of genotypes here identified are different from previous studies in domestic animals, future studies on T. gondii from wildlife is of interest to understand population genetics and structure of this parasite.

Reproductive indices in natural nests of giant Amazon river turtles Podocnemis expansa (Schweigger, 1812) (Testudines, Podocnemididae) in the Environmental Protection Area Meanders of the Araguaia River.

A count was made of unhatched eggs and hatchling live and dead Podocnemis expansa turtles in 327 natural nests located on the beaches of the Environmental Protection Area (EPA) Meanders of the Araguaia River, to determine the percentage of hatching (94.63%), non-hatching (5.37%), survival (94.24%) and hatchling mortality (5.76%), and the average percentage of dead hatchlings during the 15 days in the nursery (0.97%). The mean number of hatchlings per nest was determined from the sum of the number of live and dead hatchlings divided by the total number of nests, while the mean number of eggs per nest was determined from the sum of live and dead hatchlings and unhatched eggs divided by the number of nests. These calculations yielded the following mean values: live hatchlings (88.98 ± 23.94), dead hatchlings (0.37 ± 0.93), unhatched eggs (5.07 ± 9.57), and total number of eggs (94.42 ± 21.30). The reproductive efficiency of the wild population of P. expansa can be affected by many environmental factors such as temperature, humidity and rainfall. In addition, man-made factors like the presence of chemicals in the water and the potential for infectious disease also have significant impact. The reproductive indices data obtained from this study are indispensable for future investigations of hatching anomalies.

Skeletogenesis of the pectoral girdle and forelimbs in embryos of Caiman yacare (Daudin, 1802) (Crocodylia, Alligatoridae)

Embryos of Caiman yacare were collected and subjected to the bone clearing and staining protocol in orderto analyze the ontogenetic patterns of ossification of the pectoral girdle and forelimb skeleton. The osseousstructure of the girdle and forelimbs of C. yacare begins to ossify starting at 30 days of incubation, withthe presence of dye retention in the scapula, coracoids, humerus, radius and ulna bones. During embryonicdevelopment, the autopodio of C. yacare has four bones in the carpus, the radial, ulnar, pisiform and carpaldistal 4+5 bone. Their ossification begins at 39 days of incubation with the radial, followed by the ulnar, and at54 days, the pisiform and the distal carpal 4 + 5. Each mesopodio has 5 metacarpi and are present 15 phalanges,two in digits I and V, three in digits II and IV, and four in digit III (phalangeal formula 2:3:4:3:2). Ossificationof the metacarpi starts at 27 days of incubation, following the sequence MCII=MCIII=MCIV>MCI>MCV.The first phalanges begin the process of ossification on day 36, continuing up to the last day of incubation.The sequence of ossification of the proximal phalanges is PPI=PPII=PPIII>PPIV=PPV, that of the medialphalanges is MPII>MPpIII>MPdIII>MPIV, and that of the distal phalanges is DPI>DPII>DPIII>DPV>DPIV.The ontogenetic pattern of the bones of the forepaw of C. yacare generally differs from that of other reptiles,although there are some similarities.

Description of embryonic stages in Melanosuchus niger(Spix, 1825) (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae)

The determination of embryonic stages is very useful in comparative and evolutionary anatomy, experimentalresearch and ecological studies. Although tables of development stages already exist for some crocodilianspecies, no table has yet been published for Melanosuchus niger. Therefore, the aim of this work is to monitorthe development of this species of Alligatoridae and characterize its stages based on the main morphologicaltransformations the embryo undergoes during the incubation process. Under natural conditions, two sampleswere collected daily in the Lake Cuniã Extractive Reserve in Rondônia, Brazil, making a total of 186 eggs.The incubation period was 90 days at an ambient temperature varying from 25.2 to 31.7 °C. We established24 embryonic stages between the formation of the pharyngeal arch and hatching. Primordia for the sensoryorgans and somites were observed in the early stages. The buds of the pelvic and thoracic limbs emergedsimultaneously, also in the early stages. An analysis of these structures showed evidence of considerableevolutionary modifications when compared with embryos of different species. In stage 12 we observed subtlepigmentation in the region of the head and, in stage 25, the pigmentation and striped pattern were typical ofthe newly hatched specimen. The eyetooth was visible in stage 18, disappearing within the first few weeks afterhatching. The vitellus was completely absorbed in the penultimate stage. Direct comparisons of the table ofembryonic stages were made between M. niger and other crocodilian taxa, and the main differences identifiedwere chronological variations.

Ontogeny of scleral ossicles of giant amazon river turtles Podocnemis expansa Schweigger, 1812(Testudines, Podocnemididae)

Scleral ossicles are bony plates in the eye sockets of many vertebrates, whose morphology, development and position differ in distinct groups of vertebrates. To investigate the development, number, shape and arrangementof the scleral ossicles of Podocnemis expansa, 15 embryos were collected, starting from the 18th day of natural incubation and 16 adult specimens belonging to the LAPAS collection, whose eye sockets were removed. The embryos and eye sockets were subjected to bone diaphanization and staining techniques. The scleral ossicles in this species of Testudines were found to be quadrangular, varying in number from 10 to 13, with 11.25 ± 0.93 in the right eye and 11.43 ± 0.81 in the left eye, occupying a position close to the anterior edge of the sclera. The ossicles develop intramembranously and begin to present ossification centers at stage 21, with ten ossification centers in the right eye and eight in the left eye. In stage 23, all the ossicles of the sclerotic ring increase in length and approach the adjacent ossicles, forming a ring. In stage 26, the scleral ossiclesare already arranged in their definitive form.

Helmintos e protozoários em fezes de javalis (Sus scrofa scrofa) criados em cativeiro / Helminths and protozoa in wild boars (Sus scrofa scrofa) feces raised in captivity

Faecal samples from 79 wild boars (Sus scrofa scrofa) were examined by sedimentation method, zinc sulfate flotation method, and centrifugal flotation in sugar solution for endoparasites research. The results showed that 97.5 por cento of the samples were positive for helminths and/or protozoa as follows: strongilides (70.9 por cento), Ascaris suum (46.9 por cento), Trichuris suis (29.1 por cento), Metastrongylus sp. (12.6 por cento), Strongyloides ransomi (3.8 por cento), Balantidium coli (38.0 por cento), Entamoeba spp. (15.2 por cento), Giardia spp. (1.3 por cento), Blastocystis sp. (12.6 por cento). The frequency of Entamoeba was higher in young animals. Coccidian oocysts were observed in 59.5 por cento samples and five species of Eimeria and one Isospora were recovered: Eimeria scabra (31.9 por cento), E. deblieck (31.9 por cento), E. perminuta (23.4 por cento), E. cerdonis (17.0 por cento), E. scrofae (12.8 por cento) and Isospora suis (12.8 por cento).

Irrigaçäo da bolsa cloacal, em aves reprodutoras, da linhagem Peterson (Gallus gallus domesticus) / Irrigation of the cloacal bursa in breeding stoch of the Peterson linage (Gallus gallus domesticus)

Estudaram-se em 30 exemplares de matrizes pesadas de corte machos da linhagem Peterson (Gallus gallus domesticus), com idade variando de 10 a 12 semanas, a origem, o número e a ordenaçäo dos vasos arteriais da bolsa cloacal, um dos órgäos responsáveis pela produçäo de respostas humorais nas aves. Mediante injeçäo dos contingentes arteriais com soluçäo aquosa de Artecola§ a 50 por cento, via artéria isquiática direita, a dissecaçäo evidenciou que em 100 por cento dos casos a bolsa cloacal era irrigada por 1 ou 2 artérias bursocloacais; em 16,66 por cento dos casos por 1 ramo direto oriundo das artérias cloacais; em 6,66 por cento dos casos por 2 ramos diretos da artéria caudal mediana e em 3,33 por cento dos casos por 1 ramo bursal da artéria mesentérica caudal. O número de vasos, independentemente da sua origem, variou de 2 a 5 com maior freqüência de 2 vasos. A distribuiçäo dos vasos se fez de maneira própria para cada peça

Pontes de miocárdio em bovinos azebuados / Miocardial bridges in zebu bovines

Estudou-se em 30 coraçöes de bovinos azebuados, machos, com idade variando de 30 a 50 meses, a frequência, a largura, a posiçäo e a vasculotopia das pontes de miocárdio, mediante injeçäo das artérias coronárias com soluçäo de Neoprene látex 450 e posterior dissecaçäo. Os resultados indicam frequência de 100 por cento de coraçöes com pontes e 56,6 por cento das peças apresentaram pontes múltiplas. A largura das pontes variou de 0,3 cm a 6,2 cm com média de 1,62 cm e estas localizaram-se com maior frequência na regiäo média (36,8 por cento) do ventrículo. O ramo interventricular paraconal foi o que apresentou maior número e frequência de pontes

Vascularizaçäo arterial da porçäo torácica do timo em suínos / Arterial vascularization of the thoracic pars of the thymus in pigs

Estudaram-se, em 30 fetos e recém-natos de suínos sem raça definida, mediante injeçäo de soluçäo de Neoprene Látex 450 corado e posterior dissecaçäo, a origem, o número e a ordenaçäo dos vasos tímicos. A porçäo torácica do timo mostrou-se irrigada por ramos direitos e indiretos oriundos do tronco braquiocefálico, das aa. subclávias, torácicas internas, cervicais superficiais e do tronco tireocervical. Independentemente da origem e tipo, o número total de colaterais variou de 2 a 9, com maior freqüência de 3

Suprimento arterial do timo em cäes SRD / The arterial supply of the thymus in dogs

Estudou-se em 30 cäes SRD, fetos e natimortos, a origem, o número e a ordenaçäo dos vasos tímicos utilizando-se da dissecçäo de peças injetadas com soluçäo de Neoprene látex 450 e fixadas em soluçäo de formol a 10 por cento. Os resultados permitiram concluir que a irrigaçäo do timo é feita por ramos diretos e indiretos oriundos das artérias torácicas internas, tronco braquiocefálico, artérias pericardicofrênicas, troncos costocervicais e artérias subclávias, que combinadas entre si, emitiam de cinco a catorze contribuiçöes, que por sua vez evidenciaram modalidades de vascularizaçäo própria para cada peça

Contribuiçäo ao estudo da vascularizaçäo arterial do testículo em jumentos da raça Pega / Contribution to the study of the arterial vascularization of the testicles in donkey of the Pega race

Estudou-se o comportamento da artéria testicular e seus ramos, bem como o número e distribuiçäo dos vasos penetrantes, em 30 pares de testículos de jumentos da raça pega, adultos e procedentes de várias regiöes do Estado de Minas Gerais, mediante a análise de esquemas de modelos obtidos por corrosäo após injeçäo de acetato de "vinyl". Observou-se que nestes animais essa artéria oferece quatro arranjos vasculares diferentes, de acordo com sua divisäo com predomínio de um ou outro dos vasos resultantes na irrigaçäo do órgäo. Quanto à distribuiçäo dos vasos penetrantes, por quadrante, em mediana, faz-se de maneira que nos testículos direitos o quadrante mais povoado é o craniomedial (17,0), sendo seguido pelos quadrantes caudomedial e craniolateral (15,5) e caudolateral (15,0). Por outro lado, nos testículos esquerdos o quadrante caudolateral mostra o maior número de vasos penetrantes (18,5), seguido pelos quadrantes craniolateral (17,0), craniomedial (16,0) e caudomedial (14,0). Identificou-se a presença de anastomoses que ocorrem entre a artéria testicular e seus ramos ou entre os diferentes colaterais cedidos pela própria artéria. Relativamente ao número total de vasos penetrantes, encontrou-se em mediana, 66,5 e 66,0 vasos para os testículos direitos e esquerdos, respectivamente, o que estatisticamente näo é significante ao nível de alfa=0,05, quando comparamos o número de vasos penetrantes dos testículos direitos e esquerdos